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South Africa has one of the continent's biggest and most developed economies.

For some 40 years it was ruled by a white minority government, when the National Party came to power in 1948 and imposed its policy of apartheid, which legally institutionalised previously existing racial segregation.

After decades of international isolation, armed opposition and mass protests, the discriminatory laws began to be repealed from the late-1980s onwards. The country held its first universal elections in 1994.

The democratically-elected leadership encouraged reconciliation and set about redressing social imbalances, but the economy has struggled.

In 2022, the World Economic Forum warned that South Africa risked state collapse, with record unemployment levels, high crime rates, unsustainable state spending, mismanaged institutions and corruption.
Source: BBC.com